Respiratory Pigments, Respiratory Pigments in Invertebrates , Vertebrates.

 RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS :

•  The respiratory pigments are colored  substance protein in blood and transporting O2 and CO2.

SALIENT FEATURES OF RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS;

• They are colored pigment, distributed in blood and body fluid. 
• They are chromoprotein, which contains a metallic iron.
• They play an important role in the transport of oxygen and carbon di oxide.

TYPES OF RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS;

• Hemoglobin,
• Hemocyanin,
• Hemerythrin,
• Chlorocruorin,
• Pinnaglobin,
• Vanadium,
• Echinochrome.

HEMOGLOBIN;

• The red color.
• These respiratory pigment is present in blood cells mostly in vertebrates (RBC).
• Also found in Chironomus Insects (larva) and Annelids.
• Hemoglobin found in muscle cells of birds and mammals are called Myoglobin.
• The myoglobin stores the oxygen in muscle cells temporarily.
• The molecular weight of Hemoglobin is 68,000 Dalton.
• Hemoglobin made up of two components they are
• Protein- globin.
• Non - Protein- heme

• Globin is made up of Polypeptide chain, there are two chains are present in hemoglobin they are 
• Alpha chain
• Beta chain,
• Hemoglobin HB+ Oxygen O2 ----------> HbO2 oxyhemoglobin.
• Hemoglobin= transfer of oxygen from lungs to cells and transfer of carbon di oxide from cells to lungs.

HEMOCYANIN;

• Blue in color.
• Copper and protein are found in blood.
• One copper atom and one peptide chain.
• 200 amino acid present in hemocyanin.
• The molecular weight of hemocyanin is 6,600,000 Dalton.
• This kind of Hemocyanin pigment observe UV Rays.
• Hemocyanin = involves in gaseous exchange, Pigment present in Plasma of blood.
• Example; Arthropods, Molluscans such as octopus.

HEMERYTHRIN;

• Reddish violet in color .
• Iron and protein are found in blood.
• One iron atom and one peptide chain.
• Molecular Weight is 66,000 Dalton.
• Hemerythrin is present small amount in blood and large amount in Plasma.
• Example ;unsegmented marine animals, marine worms.
• Low oxygen caring capacity comparing other pigments.

CHLOROCRUORIN;

• Green in color.
• This respiratory pigment contains Iron.
• Chlorocruorin pigment present in Plasma.
• Example ; Polychaete animals..

PINNAGLOBIN;

• Brown in color.
• Present in body fluid of molluscans. 
• Pinnaglobin pigment contain Manganese and protein.

VANADIUM;

• Silvery grey in color
• It contains chemical elements
• Example; Ascidian (urochordate).

ECHINOCHROME;

• Red in color.
• Present in Coelomic fluid.